The Government of Kenya has approved 47 public private partnership (PPP) projects after the passage of the Public Private Partnership Act, 2013 paved the way for participation of the private sector in infrastructure development.

Kenya spends about US$1.6 billion a year on infrastructure but requires a sustained expenditure of US$4 billion a year, or about 20 percent of its Gross Domestic Product (GDP), over the next decade, according to the Africa Infrastructure Country Diagnostic Report 2010 produced by the World Bank in collaboration with the African Development Bank and other development agencies.

The PPP program is being supported by a US$40 million Infrastructure Finance Public-Private Partnership Project, which was approved by the World Bank.

Major projects in the pipeline include the Lamu Port, the Nairobi Commuter Rail (NCR),  as well as a major highway connecting the port with Ethiopia and South Sudan. It is also seeking to revamp the old railway line from Mombasa to Kampala as well as build additional terminal and runway at the Jomo Kenyatta International Airport.

According to the World Bank, Kenya has a large and diversified capital market with promising prospects of becoming a sustainable source of financing for infrastructure project. But it requires structural changes and an enabling legislation to develop a long term debt market for financing infrastructure and other PPP projects.

The following list includes more than 30 projects included in the PPP program (as of May 2013):

• Nyali Bridge, Mombasa
• Nairobi- Thika Road (O&M)
• Mombasa -Nairobi Road (400km)
• Nairobi Commuter Rail
• Kisumu Sea Port
• Nairobi Jomo Kenyatta Airport Expansion
• 2nd Container Terminal Mombasa
• 60 MW wind power in Ngong
• Kinangop Wind Power project
• 495MW LNG, Mombasa
• 600MW Coal
• 560MW Geothermal IPPs, Olkeria
• 400 Geothermal IPPs, Menengai
• Cancer/Diagonistic Center
• ICT services at KNH
• Shared Gov't services
• Kenyatta University - Hostels
• Housing for Security Forces
• Solid waste management in Nairobi and other cities
• Karen Medical Centre
• Parking silos Urban infrastructure
• Embu Water Supply
• Nyayo Stadium
• Operation and mtce Feasibility
• Southern bypass O&M
• Several Irrigation schemes
• Mombasa Conventional Centre
• Lapsset- Oil Pipeline
• SEZ - Mombasa Trade
• Konza Technocity
• Cable Cars- Nyali, Nairobi, Mt Kenya